The Talking Phrasebook Series presents useful phrases and words in side-by-side translation and with audio files specifically geared to help students work on listening skills and pronunciation. Each entry below, divided by category, features an English word or phrase in the left column and its Bulgarian translation in the right.
In the center column for each row is a play button. The recorded file will feature first English, then the Bulgarian in three versions: one slow, one with each syllable broken out, and a last version that will be spoken as it might be overheard in a conversation between native speakers.
Facts About Bulgarian
- No infinitives. Bulgarian uses no infinitives. Instead, both verbs are conjugated depending on the person. In English, this would look like: She likes writes (meaning, โshe likes to writeโ). In Bulgarian, it looks like this: โะขั ะพะฑะธัะฐ ะดะฐ ะฟะธัะต.โ
- Alphabet pride. Bulgaria is the birthplace of the Cyrillic alphabet. The Bulgarian Empire was the first to adopt the old Slavic Glagolitic script for official state purposes. That script was originally developed by brothers Cyril and Methodius as part of their efforts to spread Christian practices in Slavic lands. In Bulgaria specifically, the Cyrillic alphabet was developed later from the Glagolitic by Naum and Clement, two former students of Cyril and Methodius. Further, many Bulgarians believe that Cyril and Methodius were specifically Bulgarian. (While they were probably Greek and perhaps partly Slavic, the history is not universally agreed upon.) The two are celebrated as national heroes in Bulgaria with an official holiday each May 24.
- Gender. Bulgarian uses gender (male, female, and neuter) for nouns but has some confusing rules for it.ย For instance, masculine nouns are typically indicated by a consonant endings: ะฑัะฐั (brother), ะดะตะฝ (day). However, masculine nouns may take on the feminine โ a and -ั endings and neuter -ะพ and -ะต endings when referring to a male person. Such masculine nouns include ะฑะฐัะฐ (father), ะบะพะปะตะณะฐ (colleague), ะฒัะนัะพ (uncle on motherโs side). Feminine nouns, typically with โ a and -ั endings, can also likewise end with a constant, e.g. ะฝะพั (night), ะบััะฒ (blood), ัะฐัั (part). Neuter nouns usually end inย -ะพ and -ะต, although they also include foreign words that end in -ั, -ั, and -ะธ. For example, ะดะตะนััะฒะธะต (action), ะฟะฐะปัะพ (coat), ะผะตะฝั (menu), and ัะธัะบะธ (whiskey) are all neuter. The one exception to this is that the months of the year, despite most ending in ะธ, are all masculine. The forms of both adjectives and verbs can change based on the gender on the noun, which means that correctly using gender in Bulgarian is important but quite challenging.
- Respect. Bulgarian differentiates between informal and formal speech to show respect. When speaking to a single person who you know well (friend, close relative), you use the singular โyouโ (ัะธ; ti). Meanwhile, if speaking to a stranger or person of respect (teacher, boss, or generally for someone older than you), you use the plural โyouโ (ะฒะธะต; vie) โ even when speaking to a singular person. For example:
โ How are you? ะะฐะบ ัะธ ัะธ? (singular โyouโ, informal): youโre catching up with a relative
โ ะะฐะบ ััะต ะฒะธะต? (plural โyouโ, formal): you are a person in your 20s talking to your elderly neighbor - Articles. The definite article โtheโ is added as an extra syllable at the end of a noun or adjective. Scandinavian languages are similar. The type of ending depends largely on gender. If there is an adjective, the definite ending is added to the adjective and omitted from the noun. The definite ending is used even in constructions involving possession, unlike English which does not. The indefinite article โaโ is not used in Bulgarian. Here are some examples of singular nouns:
โ ะะพัั (bridge; masculine indefinite); ะผะพัััั (masculine definite if subject); ะผะพััะฐ (masculine definite if not subject)
โ ะะฝะธะณะฐ (book; feminine indefinite); ะบะฝะธะณะฐัะฐ (feminine definite)
โ ะััะต (dog; neuter indefinite); ะบััะตัะพ (neuter definite)
HOWEVER, If you use an adjective with the noun, for instance for โthe brown dog,โ the definite ending would be applied only to the adjective and not the noun, so it would become ะฑัะปะพัะพ ะบััะต. - Asking Questions: Question words in Bulgarian include the following:
- Who: ะบะพะน (koi)
- What: ะบะฐะบะฒะพ (kakvo)
- Why: ะทะฐัะพ (zashto)
- Where: ะบัะดะต (kyde)
- How: ะบะฐะบ (kak)
Survival Basics in Speaking Bulgarian
Hi! | Zdrasti! (ะะดัะฐััะธ) *informal, conversational โ to greet a friend, neighbor, acquaintance, family member |
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Hello! | Zdravei! (ะะดัะฐะฒะตะน) *informal, conversational โ to greet a friend, neighbor, acquaintance, family member |
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Hello! | Zdraveite! (ะะดัะฐะฒะตะนัะต!) *more formal โ to greet a teacher, stranger/passerby, elderly |
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Yes | Da (ะะฐ) |
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No | Ne (ะะต) |
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Good morning! | Dobro utro! (ะะพะฑัะพ ัััะพ!) |
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Good afternoon! | Dobyr den (ะะพะฑัั ะดะตะฝ!) |
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Good evening! | Dobyr vecher! (ะะพะฑัั ะฒะตัะตั!) |
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Whatโs up? | Kakvo stava? (ะะฐะบะฒะพ ััะฐะฒะฐ?) |
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How are things? | Kak e pri teb? (ะะฐะบ ะต ะฟัะธ ัะตะฑ?) |
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How are you? | Kak si? Kak ste? (informal/formal) (ะะฐะบ ัะธ? ะะฐะบ ััะต?) |
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Good, thank you, and you? | Dobre, blagodarya, a ti/vie? (informal/formal) (ะะพะฑัะต, ะฑะปะฐะณะพะดะฐัั, ะฐ ัะธ/ะฒะธะต?) |
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Bye! | Chao! (ะงะฐะพ!) *informal, conversational |
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Good bye! | Dovizhdane! (ะะพะฒะธะถะดะฐะฝะต!) *more formal |
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Good bye! | Vsichko dobro! (ะัะธัะบะพ ะดะพะฑัะพ!) (literally โall the bestโ) *more formal |
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See you later! | Do pokysno! (ะะพ ะฟะพ-ะบััะฝะพ!) |
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Sorry! | Izvinyavai/Izvinyavaite! (ะะทะฒะธะฝัะฒะฐะน/ะะทะฒะธะฝัะฒะฐะนัะต!) |
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Open/closed | Otvoreno/zatvoreno (ะัะฒะพัะตะฝะพ/ะทะฐัะฒะพัะตะฝะพ) |
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Pull/push | Drypni/butni (ะััะฟะฝะธ/ะฑััะฝะธ) *when referring to a door |
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Small/big | Malyk/golyam (ะะฐะปัะบ/ะณะพะปัะผ) |
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Do you speak English? | Govorish li angliiski / Govorite li angliiski (ะะพะฒะพัะธั ะปะธ ะฐะฝะณะปะธะนัะบะธ? ะะพะฒะพัะธัะต ะปะธ ะฐะฝะณะปะธะนัะบะธ? (informal/formal) |
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I donโt speak English. | Az ne govorya angliiski. (ะะท ะฝะต ะณะพะฒะพัั ะฐะฝะณะปะธะนัะบะธ.) |
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I only speak a little Bulgarian. | Az govorya samo malkoย bylgarski. (ะะท ะณะพะฒะพัั ัะฐะผะพ ะผะฐะปะบะพ ะฑัะปะณะฐััะบะธ) |
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I understand/I donโt understand. | Az razbiram/Az ne razbiram. (ะะท ัะฐะทะฑะธัะฐะผ/ะะท ะฝะต ัะฐะทะฑะธัะฐะผ.) |
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Thanks!/Thanks so much! | Mersi / Mersi mnogo! (informal) (ะะตััะธ!) / (ะะตััะธ ะผะฝะพะณะพ!) |
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Thank you!/Thank you very much! | Blagodarya / blagodarya mnogo! (formal) (ะะปะฐะณะพะดะฐัั!) / (ะะปะฐะณะพะดะฐัั ะผะฝะพะณะพ!) |
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Very well, thank you! | Mnogo dobre, blagodarya! (formal) (ะะฝะพะณะพ ะดะพะฑัะต, ะฑะปะฐะณะพะดะฐัั!) |
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Well/poor | Dobre / losho (adv.)
(ะะพะฑัะต / ะปะพัะพ) |
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Good/bad | Dobyr/dobra; losh/losha (adj. m/f) (ะะพะฑัั/ะดะพะฑัะฐ; ะปะพั/ะปะพัะฐ) |
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Please | Ako obichate
(ะะบะพ ะพะฑะธัะฐัะต) |
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Youโre welcome! or No worries! | Molya! or Nyama zashto! (ะะพะปั! ะัะผะฐ ะทะฐัะพ!) *when responding to โmersi/blagodarya!โ |
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Excuse me! | Izvinyavai/Izvinyavaite! (ะะทะฒะธะฝัะฒะฐะน/ะะทะฒะธะฝัะฒะฐะนัะต!) (informal/formal) |
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A little | Malko (ะะฐะปะบะพ) |
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Could you speak more slowly? | Mozhe li da goborite po-bavno? (ะะพะถะต ะปะธ ะดะฐ ะณะพะฒะพัะธัะต ะฟะพ-ะฑะฐะฒะฝะพ?) |
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Could you repeat, please? | Povtorete, molya! (ะะพะฒัะพัะตัะต, ะผะพะปั!) (formal) |
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Could you write that down? | Mozhe li tova da go napishete? (ะะพะถะต ะปะธ ัะพะฒะฐ ะดะฐ ะณะพ ะฝะฐะฟะธัะตัะต?) |
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My bag/wallet/passport was stolen | Otkradnaha mi chantata/portmoneto/pasporta. (ะัะบัะฐะดะฝะฐั ะฐ ะผะธ ัะฐะฝัะฐัะฐ/ะฟะพััะผะพะฝะตัะพ/ะฟะฐัะฟะพััะฐ). |
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I need a doctor! | Tryabva mi doktor! (ะขััะฑะฒะฐ ะผะธ ะดะพะบัะพั!) |
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Call the police! | Obadete se na politsiyata! (ะะฑะฐะดะตัะต ัะต ะฝะฐ ะฟะพะปะธัะธััะฐ!) (formal) |
Introductions in Bulgarian
What is your name? | Kak se kazvash/kazvate? (informal/formal) (ะะฐะบ ัะต ะบะฐะทะฒะฐั/ะบะฐะทะฒะฐัะต?) |
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Pleased to meet you! | Priyatno mi e da se zapoznaem! (ะัะธััะฝะพ ะผะธ ะต ะดะฐ ัะต ะทะฐะฟะพะทะฝะฐะตะผ!) |
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I am 25 years old. | Az sym na dvadeset i pet godini. (ะะท ััะผ ะฝะฐ ะดะฒะฐะดะตัะตั ะธ ะฟะตั ะณะพะดะธะฝะธ.) |
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How old are you? | Na kolko godini si? (ะะฐ ะบะพะปะบะพ ะณะพะดะธะฝะธ ัะธ?) |
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Where are you from? | Otkyde ste? (ะัะบัะดะต ััะต?) |
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I am American. | Az sym ot Amerika. (ะะท ััะผ ะพั ะะผะตัะธะบะฐ) |
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No, I am from Canada. | Ne, az sym ot Kanada. (ะะต, ะฐะท ััะผ ะพั ะะฐะฝะฐะดะฐ) |
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She is Australian. | Tya e Avstralika. (ะขั ะต ะฐะฒัััะฐะปะธะบะฐ) |
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He is Irish. | Toi e irlandets. (ะขะพะน ะต ะธัะปะฐะฝะดะตั) |
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We are from New Zealand. | Nie sme ot Nova Zelandiya. (ะะธะต ัะผะต ะพั ะะพะฒะฐ ะะตะปะฐะฝะดะธั) |
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They are from Wales. | Te sa ot Uels. (ะขะต ัะฐ ะพั ะฃะตะปั) |
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How do you like Bulgaria? | Haresva li ti Bylgariya? (ะฅะฐัะตัะฒะฐ ะปะธ ัะธ ะัะปะณะฐัะธั?) |
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I like Bulgaria very much. | Bylgariya mnogo mi haresva. (ะัะปะณะฐัะธั ะผะฝะพะณะพ ะผะธ ั ะฐัะตัะฒะฐ) |
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Have you ever been to Plovdiv? | Bili li ste v Plovdiv? (ะะธะปะธ ะปะธ ัะธ/ััะต ะฒ ะะปะพะฒะดะธะฒ?) (formal) |
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I have never been to Varna before. | Az nikoga ne sym bil(a) v Varna. (ะะท ะฝะธะบะพะณะฐ ะฝะต ััะผ ะฑะธะป(ะฐ) ะฒ ะะฐัะฝะฐ) |
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This is my second time in Bulgaria. | Za vtori pyt sym v Bylgariya. (ะะฐ ะฒัะพัะธ ะฟัั ััะผ ะฒ ะัะปะณะฐัะธั) |
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What do you do? | S kakvo ce zanimavash? (ะก ะบะฐะบะฒะพ ัะต ะทะฐะฝะธะผะฐะฒะฐั?) |
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I am a student/businessman/teacher/doctor. | Az sym student/biznesmen/uchitel/doktor. (ะะท ััะผ ัััะดะตะฝั/ะฑะธะทะฝะตัะผะตะฝ/ััะธัะตะป/ะดะพะบัะพั) |
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I am on vacation. | Az sym na vakantsiya (if youโre a student on a holiday break)/otpuska (if youโre working) (ะะท ััะผ ะฒะฐะบะฐะฝัะธั/ะพัะฟััะบะฐ.) |
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I am here on business. | Az sym tuk po rabota. (ะะท ััะผ ััะบ ะฟะพ ัะฐะฑะพัะฐ). |
Asking Directions
Where are the toilets? | Kyde sa toaletnite? (ะัะดะต ัะฐ ัะพะฐะปะตัะฝะธัะต?) |
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Menโs | Myzhki (ะัะถะบะธ)ย (adj.) |
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Womenโs | Zhenski (ะะตะฝัะบะธ)ย (adj.) |
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Where is the nearest bank? | Kyde e nai blizkata banka? (ะัะดะต ะต ะฝะฐะน-ะฑะปะธะทะบะฐัะฐ ะฑะฐะฝะบะฐ?) |
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Where is the nearest post office? | Kyde e nai blizkata poshta? (ะัะดะต ะต ะฝะฐะน-ะฑะปะธะทะบะฐัะฐ ะฟะพัะฐ?) |
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Where is the nearest train station? | Kyde e nai bliskata zhe. pe. gara? (ะัะดะต ะต ะฝะฐะน-ะฑะปะธะทะบะฐัะฐ ะถ. ะฟ. ะณะฐัะฐ?) |
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Where can I find Wi-Fi? | Kyde moga da namerya Wi-Fi? (ะัะดะต ะผะพะณะฐ ะดะฐ ะฝะฐะผะตัั Wi-Fi?) |
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Do you know the Wi-Fi password? | Znaete li parolata za Wi-Fi-to? (ะะฝะฐะตัะต ะปะธ ะฟะฐัะพะปะฐัะฐ ะทะฐ Wi-Fi-ัะพ?) (formal) |
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How can I order a taxi? | Kak da namerya taksi? (ะะฐะบ ะดะฐ ะฝะฐะผะตัั ัะฐะบัะธ?) |
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Straight ahead! | Napravo! (ะะฐะฟัะฐะฒะพ!) |
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Take a right!/left! | Otidi na dyasno/yavo (ะัะธะดะธ ะฝะฐ ะดััะฝะพ/ะปัะฒะพ) |
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After the stoplight | Sled svetofara (ะกะปะตะด ัะฒะตัะพัะฐัะฐ) |
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Next/First/Last | Sledvashtiyat/Pyrvi/Posleden (ะกะปะตะดะฒะฐัะธัั/ะฟััะฒะธ/ะฟะพัะปะตะดะตะฝ) |
Shopping
How much does that cost? | Kolko struva tova? (ะะพะปะบะพ ััััะฒะฐ ัะพะฒะฐ?) |
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The menu, please! | Menyoto, molya! (ะะตะฝััะพ, ะผะพะปั!) |
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Iโd like a beer, please | Az bih ickala bira, molya (ะะท ะฑะธั ะธัะบะฐะปะฐ ะฑะธัะฐ, ะผะพะปั). |
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Iโd like the bill, please. | Mozhe li smetkata, molya? (ะะพะถะต ะปะธ ัะผะตัะบะฐัะฐ, ะผะพะปั?) |
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Do you accept credit cards? | Mozhe li s kreditna karta? (ะะพะถะต ะปะธ ั ะบัะตะดะธัะฝะฐ ะบะฐััะฐ?) |
Counting ย ย
0 | nula (ะฝัะปะฐ) |
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1 | (see 0 for recording) |
edno (ะตะดะฝะพ) |
2 | (see 0 for recording) |
dve (ะดะฒะต) |
3 | (see 0 for recording) |
tri (ััะธ) |
4 | (see 0 for recording) |
chetiri (ัะตัะธัะธ) |
5 | (see 0 for recording) |
pet (ะฟะตั) |
6 | (see 0 for recording) |
shest (ัะตัั) |
7 | (see 0 for recording) |
sedem (ัะตะดะตะผ) |
8 | (see 0 for recording) |
osem (ะพัะตะผ) |
9 | (see 0 for recording) |
devet (ะดะตะฒะตั) |
10 | (see 0 for recording) |
deset (ะดะตัะตั) |
11 | edinadeset (ะตะดะธะฝะฐะดะตัะตั) |
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12 | dvanadeset (ะดะฒะฐะฝะฐะดะตัะตั) |
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13 | trinadeset (ััะธะฝะฐะดะตัะตั) |
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14 | chetirinadeset (ัะตัะธัะธะฝะฐะดะตัะตั) |
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15 | petnadeset (ะฟะตัะฝะฐะดะตัะตั) |
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16 | shestnadeset (ัะตััะฝะฐะดะตัะตั) |
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17 | sedemnadeset (ัะตะดะตะผะฝะฐะดะตัะตั) |
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18 | osemnadeset (ะพัะตะผะฝะฐะดะตัะตั) |
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19 | devetnadeset (ะดะตะฒะตัะฝะฐะดะตัะตั) |
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20 | dvadeset (ะดะฒะฐะดะตัะตั) |
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21 | dvadeset i edno (ะดะฒะฐะดะตัะตั ะธ ะตะดะฝะพ) |
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22 | (see 21 for recording) |
dvadeset i dve (ะดะฒะฐะดะตัะตั ะธ ะดะฒะต) |
30 | trideset (ััะธะดะตัะตั) |
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40 | chetirideset (ัะตัะธัะธะดะตัะตั) |
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50 | petdeset (ะฟะตัะดะตัะตั) |
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60 | shestdeset (ัะตััะดะตัะตั) |
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70 | sedemdeset (ัะตะดะตะผะดะตัะตั) |
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80 | osemdeset (ะพัะตะผะดะตัะตั) |
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90 | devedeset (ะดะตะฒะตะดะตัะตั) |
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100 | sto (ััะพ) |
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111 | (see 100 for recording) |
sto i edinadeset (ััะพ ะธ ะตะดะธะฝะฐะดะตัะตั) |
125 | (see 100 for recording) |
sto dvadeset i pet (ััะพ ะดะฒะฐะดะตัะตั ะธ ะฟะตั) |
200 | (see 100 for recording) |
dvesta (ะดะฒะตััะฐ) |
300 | (see 100 for recording) |
trista (ััะธััะฐ) |
400 | (see 100 for recording) |
chetiristotin (ัะตัะธัะธััะพัะธะฝ) |
500 | (see 100 for recording) |
petstotin (ะฟะตัััะพัะธะฝ) |
600 | (see 100 for recording) |
sheststotin (ัะตััััะพัะธะฝ) |
700 | (see 100 for recording) |
sedemstotin (ัะตะดะตะผััะพัะธะฝ) |
800 | (see 100 for recording) |
osemstotin (ะพัะตะผััะพัะธะฝ) |
900 | (see 100 for recording) |
devetstotin (ะดะตะฒะตัััะพัะธะฝ) |
1000 | (see 100 for recording) |
hilyada (ั ะธะปัะดะฐ) |
More on Bulgarian Grammar (Pronoun Focus)
Below are listed the personal pronouns as they appear in nominative, accusative, and dative.
Nominative
These are used when the subject of the sentence. For example,
I am hungry: ะะท ััะผ ะณะปะฐะดะตะฝ (az sym gladen)
She loves to travel: ะขั ะพะฑะธัะฐ ะดะฐ ะฟัััะฒะฐ (tya obicha da pytuva)
In the nominative, the subject is clearly in the act of doing (e.g. I am drinking, she is dancing), so Bulgarians often omit it. In other words, instead of saying โI am drinking,โ Bulgarians will just say โAm drinkingโ with the โIโ being implied.
I: ะฐะท (az) | We: ะฝะธะต (nie) |
You: ัะธ (ti) | You (formal/plural): ะฒะธะต (vie) |
He, she, it: ัะพะน, ัั, ัะพ (toi, tya, to) | They: ัะต (te) |
ย
Accusative (direct object)ย
These are used when a direct object of a transitive verb. For example,
I love him: ะะท ะณะพ ะพะฑะธัะฐะผ (ะฐz go obicham)
I donโt know him: ะะท ะฝะต ะณะพ ะฟะพะทะฝะฐะฒะฐะผ (ะฐz ne go poznavam)
Me: ะผะต (me) | We: ะฝะธ (ni) |
You: ัะต (te) | You (formal/plural): ะฒะธ (vi) |
Him, her, it: ะณะพ, ั, ะณะพ (go, ya, go) | Them: ะณะธ (gi) |
ย
The reflexive โัะตโ (se) used when referring to oneself:
Do you like yourself? ะฅะฐัะตัะฒะฐั ะปะธ ัะต? (haresvash li se?)
I am getting (myself) ready: ะัะธะณะพัะฒะฐะผ ัะต (prigotvam se)
Accusative (object of a preposition)ย
These are used as the object of a preposition. For example,
Are you thinking about it?: ะะธัะปะธั ะปะธ ะทะฐ ะฝะตะณะพ? (mislish li za nego?)
I went to the store with her: ะัะธะดะฐั ะดะพ ะผะฐะณะฐะทะธะฝะฐ ั ะฝะตั (otidah do magazina c neya).
Me: ะผะตะฝะต (mene, often said as โmenโ colloquially) | Us: ะฝะฐั (nas) |
You: ัะตะฑะต (tebe, often said as โtebโ colloquially) | You (formal/plural): ะฒะฐั (vas) |
Him, her, it: ะฝะตะณะพ, ะฝะตั, ะฝะตะณะพ (nego, neya, nego) | Them: ััั (tyah) |
ย
The reflexive โัะตะฑะต ัะธโ (sebe si) used when referring to oneself:
I donโt think much about myself: ะะต ะผะธัะปั ะผะฝะพะณะพ ะทะฐ ัะตะฑะต ัะธ (ne mislya mnogo za sebe si)
Dative (indirect object)
These are used when an indirect object. Within the indirect dative, there are two variants. The first is non-emphatic. For example, in the following sentence the focus in on the book:
She gave me the book: ะขั ะผะธ ะดะฐะดะต ะบะฝะธะณะฐัะฐ (tya mi dade knigata)
The second variant is emphatic. In other words, emphasis is on a particular person:
She gave the book to me (vs another person): ะขั ะดะฐะดะต ะบะฝะธะณะฐัะฐ ะฝะฐ ะผะตะฝะต (tya dade knigata na mene)
Note that when the dative is non-emphatic, the personal pronoun must appear after the subject.
Me: ะผะธ/ะฝะฐ ะผะตะฝะต (mi/na mene) | Us: ะฝะธ/ะฝะฐ ะฝะฐั (ni/na nas) |
You: ัะธ/ะฝะฐ ัะตะฑ (ti/na tebe) | You (formal/plural): ะฒะธ/ะฝะฐ ะฒะฐั (vi/na vas) |
Him, her, it: ะผั/ะฝะฐ ะฝะตะณะพ, ั/ะฝะฐ ะฝะตั, ะผั/ะฝะฐ ะฝะตะณะพ (mu/na nego, i/na neya, mu/na nego) | Them: ะธะผ/ะฝะฐ ััั (im/na tyah) |
ย
The reflexive โัะธโ (si) used when referring to oneself:
I will buy (myself) bread: ะฉะต ัะธ ะบัะฟั ั ะปัะฑ (shte si kupya hlyab)
Dative (possession)
These are used to indicate possession. Dative pronouns are used when the emphasis is on the object being possessed. For example:
This is my dog: ะขะพะฒะฐ ะต ะบััะตัะพ ะผะธ (tova e kucheto mi)
Possessive pronouns (e.g. my, his, their โ this is not dative) are used when the emphasis is on the possessor. These can be seen in sentences such as โThis dog is mineโ (emphasis is on the dog being โmineโ not the dog itself). However, possessive pronouns are used far less frequently than the dative.
Below are the dative pronouns:
Me: ะผะธ (mi) | Us: ะฝะธ/ะฝะฐ ะฝะฐั (ni/na nas) |
You: ัะธ (ti) | You (formal/plural): ะฒะธ (vi) |
Him, her, it: ะผั, ั, ะผั (mu, i, mu) | They: ะธะผ (im) |
ย
The reflexive โะฝะฐ ัะตะฑะต ัะธโ (na sebe si) used when referring to oneself:
I bought a present (for myself): ะัะฟะธั ะฟะพะดะฐััะบ ะฝะฐ ัะตะฑะต ัะธ (kupih podaryk na sebe si).
Conjugations of โto beโ
Notes: In colloquial settings, Bulgarians often omit the pronoun. However, know that when omitting the pronoun, the present form of โto beโ cannot start the sentence. Therefore, the following are two ways to say โI am well,โ the first with the pronoun and the second without.
ะะท ััะผ ะดะพะฑัะต. Az sym dobre.
ะะพะฑัะต ััะผ. Dobre sym.
The following table lists the conjugations for the act of being, i.e. when there is no other verb.
How are you? I am well. (ะะฐะบ ัะธ ัะธ? ะะท ััะผ ะดะพะฑัะต.)
Where will she be? She will be in Burgas. (ะัะดะต ัะต ะฑัะดะต ัั? ะขั ัะต ะต ะฒ ะััะณะฐั.)
Who was there? Dimitarโs kids were there. (ะะพะน ะฑะตัะต ัะฐะผ? ะะตัะฐัะฐ ะฝะฐ ะะธะผะธััั ะฑัั
ะฐ ัะฐะผ.)
I ะฐะท (az) | You ัะธ (ti) | He/she/it
ัะพะน/ัั/ัะพ (toi/tya/to) |
We
ะฝะธะต (nie) |
You (formal/plural)
ะฒะธะต (vie) |
They
ัะต (te) |
am
ััะผ (sym) |
are
ัะธ (si) |
is
ะต (e) |
are
ัะผะต (sme) |
are
ััะต (ste) |
are
ัะฐ (sa) |
was
ะฑัั (byah) |
were
ะฑะตัะต (beshe) |
was
ะฑะตัะต (beshe) |
were
ะฑัั ะผะต (byahme) |
were
ะฑัั ัะต (byahte) |
were
ะฑัั ะฐ (byaha) |
have been (masculine):
ััะผ ะฑะธะป (sym bil) have been (feminine): ััะผ ะฑะธะปะฐ (sym bila) |
have been (masculine):
ัะธ ะฑะธะป (si bil) have been (feminine): ัะธ ะฑะธะปะฐ (si bila) |
has been
ะต ะฑะธะป (e bil) |
have been
ัะผะต ะฑะธะปะธ (sme bili) |
have been
ััะต ะฑะธะปะธ (ste bili) |
have been
ัะฐ ะฑะธะปะธ (sa bili) |
will be
ัะต ััะผ (shte sym) |
will be
ัะต ัะธ (shte si) |
will be
ัะต ะต (shte e) |
will be
ัะต ัะผะต (shte sme) |
will be
ัะต ััะต (shte ste) |
will be
ัะต ัะฐ (shte sa) |
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